Changes
On May 6, 2022 at 10:01:46 AM UTC, leandro:
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Uploaded a new file to resource Sharing data and information on local flooding risk in Niger in Publications
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Uploaded a new file to resource Floods and related Impacts in Niger in the last twenty years (1998-2017) based of the ANADIA Niger Flood database.pdf in Publications
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Uploaded a new file to resource Downscaling Regional Hydrological Forecast for Operational Use in Local Early Warning: HYPE Models in the Sirba River in Publications
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Uploaded a new file to resource Améliorations sur le système d’observation du bassin de la Rivière Sirba pour la gestion des risques naturels.pdf in Publications
f | 1 | { | f | 1 | { |
2 | "author": "Polytechnique de Turin -DIST; CNR-IBE", | 2 | "author": "Polytechnique de Turin -DIST; CNR-IBE", | ||
3 | "author_email": "giovanni.massazza@polito.it", | 3 | "author_email": "giovanni.massazza@polito.it", | ||
4 | "creator_user_id": "c02b205c-19b0-47e2-b7c3-46b255a09a2b", | 4 | "creator_user_id": "c02b205c-19b0-47e2-b7c3-46b255a09a2b", | ||
5 | "extras": [], | 5 | "extras": [], | ||
6 | "groups": [ | 6 | "groups": [ | ||
7 | { | 7 | { | ||
8 | "description": "SLAPIS (Syst\u00e8me Local d\u2019Alerte | 8 | "description": "SLAPIS (Syst\u00e8me Local d\u2019Alerte | ||
9 | Pr\u00e9coce pour les Inondations de la Sirba) est g\u00e9r\u00e9 par | 9 | Pr\u00e9coce pour les Inondations de la Sirba) est g\u00e9r\u00e9 par | ||
10 | la Direction de l\u2019Hydrologie (DH) du Niger et a \u00e9t\u00e9 | 10 | la Direction de l\u2019Hydrologie (DH) du Niger et a \u00e9t\u00e9 | ||
11 | r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par une collaboration pluridisciplinaire dans le | 11 | r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par une collaboration pluridisciplinaire dans le | ||
12 | cadre du Projet ANADIA2.0 avec le Polytechnique de Turin, Italie, | 12 | cadre du Projet ANADIA2.0 avec le Polytechnique de Turin, Italie, | ||
13 | l\u2019Institut de Biom\u00e9t\u00e9orologie du Conseil National des | 13 | l\u2019Institut de Biom\u00e9t\u00e9orologie du Conseil National des | ||
14 | Recherches d\u2019Italie et la Direction de la M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie | 14 | Recherches d\u2019Italie et la Direction de la M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie | ||
15 | Nationale du Niger.", | 15 | Nationale du Niger.", | ||
16 | "display_name": "SLAPIS", | 16 | "display_name": "SLAPIS", | ||
17 | "id": "b5fe469a-71a4-4ab9-973e-af9fa38844ce", | 17 | "id": "b5fe469a-71a4-4ab9-973e-af9fa38844ce", | ||
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20 | "name": "slapis_prj", | 20 | "name": "slapis_prj", | ||
21 | "title": "SLAPIS" | 21 | "title": "SLAPIS" | ||
22 | } | 22 | } | ||
23 | ], | 23 | ], | ||
24 | "id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 24 | "id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
25 | "isopen": true, | 25 | "isopen": true, | ||
26 | "license_id": "cc-by", | 26 | "license_id": "cc-by", | ||
27 | "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution", | 27 | "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution", | ||
28 | "license_url": "http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by", | 28 | "license_url": "http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by", | ||
29 | "maintainer": "Tiziana De Filippis", | 29 | "maintainer": "Tiziana De Filippis", | ||
30 | "maintainer_email": "tiziana.defilippis@ibe.cnr.it", | 30 | "maintainer_email": "tiziana.defilippis@ibe.cnr.it", | ||
31 | "metadata_created": "2020-07-16T11:31:55.945944", | 31 | "metadata_created": "2020-07-16T11:31:55.945944", | ||
n | 32 | "metadata_modified": "2022-05-06T10:00:20.811311", | n | 32 | "metadata_modified": "2022-05-06T10:01:46.505319", |
33 | "name": "publications", | 33 | "name": "publications", | ||
34 | "notes": "Scientific publications (International Journals papers, | 34 | "notes": "Scientific publications (International Journals papers, | ||
35 | conference proceedings, posters)", | 35 | conference proceedings, posters)", | ||
36 | "num_resources": 17, | 36 | "num_resources": 17, | ||
37 | "num_tags": 3, | 37 | "num_tags": 3, | ||
38 | "organization": { | 38 | "organization": { | ||
39 | "approval_status": "approved", | 39 | "approval_status": "approved", | ||
40 | "created": "2019-05-30T14:28:01.393442", | 40 | "created": "2019-05-30T14:28:01.393442", | ||
41 | "description": "Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ", | 41 | "description": "Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ", | ||
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43 | "image_url": "2019-10-07-164404.831177Loghi-CNR-IBE.png", | 43 | "image_url": "2019-10-07-164404.831177Loghi-CNR-IBE.png", | ||
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45 | "name": "instituto-di-bioeconomia", | 45 | "name": "instituto-di-bioeconomia", | ||
46 | "state": "active", | 46 | "state": "active", | ||
47 | "title": "Instituto di BioEconomia", | 47 | "title": "Instituto di BioEconomia", | ||
48 | "type": "organization" | 48 | "type": "organization" | ||
49 | }, | 49 | }, | ||
50 | "owner_org": "f420038a-3cf5-456b-bfc6-7009d68fed39", | 50 | "owner_org": "f420038a-3cf5-456b-bfc6-7009d68fed39", | ||
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66 | "mimetype": null, | ||||
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68 | "name": "Hydrological Web Services for Operational Flood Risk | ||||
69 | Monitoring and Forecasting at Local Scale in Niger", | ||||
70 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||||
71 | "position": 0, | ||||
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75 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/236", | ||||
76 | "url_type": null | ||||
77 | }, | ||||
55 | { | 78 | { | ||
56 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 79 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
57 | "cache_url": null, | 80 | "cache_url": null, | ||
58 | "created": "2021-06-22T15:39:45.016300", | 81 | "created": "2021-06-22T15:39:45.016300", | ||
59 | "datastore_active": false, | 82 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
60 | "description": "Massazza, G.; Bacci, M.; Descroix, L.; Ibrahim, | 83 | "description": "Massazza, G.; Bacci, M.; Descroix, L.; Ibrahim, | ||
61 | M.H.; Fiorillo, E.; Katiellou, G.L.; Panthou, G.; Pezzoli, A.; Rosso, | 84 | M.H.; Fiorillo, E.; Katiellou, G.L.; Panthou, G.; Pezzoli, A.; Rosso, | ||
62 | M.; Sauzedde, E.; Terenziani, A.; De Filippis, T.; Rocchi, L.; | 85 | M.; Sauzedde, E.; Terenziani, A.; De Filippis, T.; Rocchi, L.; | ||
63 | Burrone, S.; Tiepolo, M.; Vischel, T.; Tarchiani, V.\r\nPublished in: | 86 | Burrone, S.; Tiepolo, M.; Vischel, T.; Tarchiani, V.\r\nPublished in: | ||
64 | Water. 2021; 13(12):1659.\r\nAbstract\r\nNiamey, the capital of Niger, | 87 | Water. 2021; 13(12):1659.\r\nAbstract\r\nNiamey, the capital of Niger, | ||
65 | is particularly prone to floods since it is on the banks of the Niger | 88 | is particularly prone to floods since it is on the banks of the Niger | ||
66 | River, which in its middle basin has two flood peaks: one in summer | 89 | River, which in its middle basin has two flood peaks: one in summer | ||
67 | (the red flood) and one in winter (the black flood). In 2020, the | 90 | (the red flood) and one in winter (the black flood). In 2020, the | ||
68 | Niger River in Niamey reached its all-time highest levels following an | 91 | Niger River in Niamey reached its all-time highest levels following an | ||
69 | abundant rainy season. On the other hand, the floods in Niamey have | 92 | abundant rainy season. On the other hand, the floods in Niamey have | ||
70 | been particularly frequent in the last decade, a symptom of a change | 93 | been particularly frequent in the last decade, a symptom of a change | ||
71 | in hydroclimatic behaviour already observed since the end of the great | 94 | in hydroclimatic behaviour already observed since the end of the great | ||
72 | droughts of the 1970s and 1980s and which is identified with the name | 95 | droughts of the 1970s and 1980s and which is identified with the name | ||
73 | of Sahelian Paradox. This study, starting from the analysis of the | 96 | of Sahelian Paradox. This study, starting from the analysis of the | ||
74 | 2020 flood and from the update of the rating curve of the Niamey | 97 | 2020 flood and from the update of the rating curve of the Niamey | ||
75 | hydrometric station, analyses the rainfall-runoff relationship on the | 98 | hydrometric station, analyses the rainfall-runoff relationship on the | ||
76 | Sahelian basins of the Medium Niger River Basin (MNRB) that are at the | 99 | Sahelian basins of the Medium Niger River Basin (MNRB) that are at the | ||
77 | origin of the local flood. The comparative analysis of runoffs, annual | 100 | origin of the local flood. The comparative analysis of runoffs, annual | ||
78 | maximum flows (AMAX) and runoff coefficients with various rainfall | 101 | maximum flows (AMAX) and runoff coefficients with various rainfall | ||
79 | indices calculated on gridded datasets allowed to hydroclimatically | 102 | indices calculated on gridded datasets allowed to hydroclimatically | ||
80 | characterise the last decade as a different period from the wet one | 103 | characterise the last decade as a different period from the wet one | ||
81 | before the drought, the dry one and the post-drought one. Compared to | 104 | before the drought, the dry one and the post-drought one. Compared to | ||
82 | the last one, the current period is characterised by a sustained | 105 | the last one, the current period is characterised by a sustained | ||
83 | increase in hydrological indicators (AMAX +27%) consistent with the | 106 | increase in hydrological indicators (AMAX +27%) consistent with the | ||
84 | increase in both the accumulation of precipitation (+11%) and the | 107 | increase in both the accumulation of precipitation (+11%) and the | ||
85 | number (+51%) and magnitude (+54%) of extreme events in the MNRB. | 108 | number (+51%) and magnitude (+54%) of extreme events in the MNRB. | ||
86 | Furthermore, a greater concentration of rainfall and extremes (+78%) | 109 | Furthermore, a greater concentration of rainfall and extremes (+78%) | ||
87 | in August contributes to reinforcing the red flood\u2019s positive | 110 | in August contributes to reinforcing the red flood\u2019s positive | ||
88 | anomalies (+2.23 st. dev in 2020). The study indicates that under | 111 | anomalies (+2.23 st. dev in 2020). The study indicates that under | ||
89 | these conditions, the frequency of extreme hydrological events in | 112 | these conditions, the frequency of extreme hydrological events in | ||
90 | Niamey will increase further because of drivers\u2019 concurrence such | 113 | Niamey will increase further because of drivers\u2019 concurrence such | ||
91 | as river-bed silting and levee effects. Consequently, the study | 114 | as river-bed silting and levee effects. Consequently, the study | ||
92 | concludes with the need for a comprehensive flood-risk assessment on | 115 | concludes with the need for a comprehensive flood-risk assessment on | ||
93 | the Niamey city that considers both recent hydroclimatic trends and | 116 | the Niamey city that considers both recent hydroclimatic trends and | ||
94 | urbanisation dynamics in flood zones hence defining the most | 117 | urbanisation dynamics in flood zones hence defining the most | ||
95 | appropriate risk-reduction strategies.", | 118 | appropriate risk-reduction strategies.", | ||
96 | "format": "PDF", | 119 | "format": "PDF", | ||
97 | "hash": "", | 120 | "hash": "", | ||
98 | "id": "1cd40dc3-92db-49e4-a358-482b8bdd3bfc", | 121 | "id": "1cd40dc3-92db-49e4-a358-482b8bdd3bfc", | ||
99 | "last_modified": null, | 122 | "last_modified": null, | ||
100 | "metadata_modified": "2021-06-22T15:39:45.016300", | 123 | "metadata_modified": "2021-06-22T15:39:45.016300", | ||
101 | "mimetype": null, | 124 | "mimetype": null, | ||
102 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 125 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
103 | "name": "Recent Changes in Hydroclimatic Patterns over Medium | 126 | "name": "Recent Changes in Hydroclimatic Patterns over Medium | ||
104 | Niger River Basins at the Origin of the 2020 Flood in Niamey (Niger)", | 127 | Niger River Basins at the Origin of the 2020 Flood in Niamey (Niger)", | ||
105 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 128 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
n | 106 | "position": 0, | n | 129 | "position": 1, |
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108 | "size": null, | 131 | "size": null, | ||
109 | "state": "active", | 132 | "state": "active", | ||
110 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/12/1659", | 133 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/12/1659", | ||
111 | "url_type": null | 134 | "url_type": null | ||
112 | }, | 135 | }, | ||
113 | { | 136 | { | ||
114 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 137 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
115 | "cache_url": null, | 138 | "cache_url": null, | ||
116 | "created": "2021-06-22T15:42:48.561589", | 139 | "created": "2021-06-22T15:42:48.561589", | ||
117 | "datastore_active": false, | 140 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
118 | "description": "Maurizio Tiepolo, Andrea Galligari, | 141 | "description": "Maurizio Tiepolo, Andrea Galligari, | ||
119 | DIST-Politecnico and University of Turin, Italy\r\nPublished in: Land | 142 | DIST-Politecnico and University of Turin, Italy\r\nPublished in: Land | ||
120 | Use Policy, 108 (2021), Elsevier\r\nAbstract\r\nThe current literature | 143 | Use Policy, 108 (2021), Elsevier\r\nAbstract\r\nThe current literature | ||
121 | links flood exposure and the consequent damage in the sub-Saharan | 144 | links flood exposure and the consequent damage in the sub-Saharan | ||
122 | Africa to urban expansion. The main implication of this pertains to | 145 | Africa to urban expansion. The main implication of this pertains to | ||
123 | the fact that cities are the target of flood risk reduction. However, | 146 | the fact that cities are the target of flood risk reduction. However, | ||
124 | our knowledge of the built-up area expansion\u2013flood damage nexus | 147 | our knowledge of the built-up area expansion\u2013flood damage nexus | ||
125 | is still too scarce to support any risk reduction policy at the local | 148 | is still too scarce to support any risk reduction policy at the local | ||
126 | scale. The objective of this study is to reconsider the link between | 149 | scale. The objective of this study is to reconsider the link between | ||
127 | urban expansion and flood damage widening the observation to rural | 150 | urban expansion and flood damage widening the observation to rural | ||
128 | settlements with open access information alternative to global | 151 | settlements with open access information alternative to global | ||
129 | datasets on flood damages and moderate resolution satellite images. | 152 | datasets on flood damages and moderate resolution satellite images. | ||
130 | Using very high-resolution satellite images accessible via Google | 153 | Using very high-resolution satellite images accessible via Google | ||
131 | Earth Pro, the expansion of 122 flooded settlements in the Dosso | 154 | Earth Pro, the expansion of 122 flooded settlements in the Dosso | ||
132 | region (Niger) during the past 20 years is evaluated. Spatial dynamics | 155 | region (Niger) during the past 20 years is evaluated. Spatial dynamics | ||
133 | is then compared with the rate of collapsed houses due to flooding. | 156 | is then compared with the rate of collapsed houses due to flooding. | ||
134 | Finally, house collapses and retrofitting are compared. We discovered | 157 | Finally, house collapses and retrofitting are compared. We discovered | ||
135 | that cities expand at faster rates and with an opposite trend to that | 158 | that cities expand at faster rates and with an opposite trend to that | ||
136 | reported by the global datasets. However, hamlets and villages expand | 159 | reported by the global datasets. However, hamlets and villages expand | ||
137 | even more rapidly and suffer more house collapses than rural towns and | 160 | even more rapidly and suffer more house collapses than rural towns and | ||
138 | cities. House consolidation is quicker than the settlement expansion | 161 | cities. House consolidation is quicker than the settlement expansion | ||
139 | but this is not sufficient to reduce damage from pluvial flooding. The | 162 | but this is not sufficient to reduce damage from pluvial flooding. The | ||
140 | proportion of the Poor to the total number of inhabitants in rural | 163 | proportion of the Poor to the total number of inhabitants in rural | ||
141 | settlements is three times higher than that in urban settlements. | 164 | settlements is three times higher than that in urban settlements. | ||
142 | Environmental justice is, therefore, not just an urban issue but a | 165 | Environmental justice is, therefore, not just an urban issue but a | ||
143 | rural urgency.", | 166 | rural urgency.", | ||
144 | "format": "PDF", | 167 | "format": "PDF", | ||
145 | "hash": "", | 168 | "hash": "", | ||
146 | "id": "6e23fc8e-d51e-49c0-838b-67a3c32fd397", | 169 | "id": "6e23fc8e-d51e-49c0-838b-67a3c32fd397", | ||
147 | "last_modified": null, | 170 | "last_modified": null, | ||
148 | "metadata_modified": "2021-06-22T15:42:48.561589", | 171 | "metadata_modified": "2021-06-22T15:42:48.561589", | ||
149 | "mimetype": null, | 172 | "mimetype": null, | ||
150 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 173 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
151 | "name": "Urban expansion-flood damage nexus: Evidence from the | 174 | "name": "Urban expansion-flood damage nexus: Evidence from the | ||
152 | Dosso Region, Niger", | 175 | Dosso Region, Niger", | ||
153 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 176 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
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157 | "state": "active", | 180 | "state": "active", | ||
158 | "url": | 181 | "url": | ||
159 | tps://drive.google.com/file/d/18mTkcwQ6kWzPBuY7NdNy2lYRm5nQqDgs/view", | 182 | tps://drive.google.com/file/d/18mTkcwQ6kWzPBuY7NdNy2lYRm5nQqDgs/view", | ||
160 | "url_type": null | 183 | "url_type": null | ||
161 | }, | 184 | }, | ||
162 | { | 185 | { | ||
163 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 186 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
164 | "cache_url": null, | 187 | "cache_url": null, | ||
165 | "created": "2020-12-15T11:07:58.663729", | 188 | "created": "2020-12-15T11:07:58.663729", | ||
166 | "datastore_active": false, | 189 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
167 | "description": "Giovanni Massazza, Vieri Tarchiani, Jafet C. M. | 190 | "description": "Giovanni Massazza, Vieri Tarchiani, Jafet C. M. | ||
168 | Andersson, Abdou Ali,\r\nMohamed Housseini Ibrahim, Alessandro | 191 | Andersson, Abdou Ali,\r\nMohamed Housseini Ibrahim, Alessandro | ||
169 | Pezzoli, Tiziana De Filippis, Leandro Rocchi, Bernard Minoungou, David | 192 | Pezzoli, Tiziana De Filippis, Leandro Rocchi, Bernard Minoungou, David | ||
170 | Gustafsson and Maurizio Rosso.\r\nWater 2020, 12, 3504; | 193 | Gustafsson and Maurizio Rosso.\r\nWater 2020, 12, 3504; | ||
171 | 0.3390/w12123504\r\nhttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/water\r\n\r\nAbstract: | 194 | 0.3390/w12123504\r\nhttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/water\r\n\r\nAbstract: | ||
172 | In the last decades since the dramatic increase in flood frequency and | 195 | In the last decades since the dramatic increase in flood frequency and | ||
173 | magnitude, floods have become a crucial problem inWest Africa. | 196 | magnitude, floods have become a crucial problem inWest Africa. | ||
174 | National and international authorities concentrate efforts | 197 | National and international authorities concentrate efforts | ||
175 | ondeveloping early warning systems (EWS) to deliver flood alerts and | 198 | ondeveloping early warning systems (EWS) to deliver flood alerts and | ||
176 | prevent loss of lives and damages.\r\nUsually, regional EWS are based | 199 | prevent loss of lives and damages.\r\nUsually, regional EWS are based | ||
177 | on hydrological modeling, while local EWS adopt field observations. | 200 | on hydrological modeling, while local EWS adopt field observations. | ||
178 | This study aims to integrate outputs from two regional hydrological | 201 | This study aims to integrate outputs from two regional hydrological | ||
179 | models\u2014Niger HYPE (NH) and World-Wide HYPE (WWH)\u2014in a local | 202 | models\u2014Niger HYPE (NH) and World-Wide HYPE (WWH)\u2014in a local | ||
180 | EWS developed for the Sirba River. Sirba is the major tributary of | 203 | EWS developed for the Sirba River. Sirba is the major tributary of | ||
181 | Middle Niger River Basin and is supported by a local EWS since June | 204 | Middle Niger River Basin and is supported by a local EWS since June | ||
182 | 2019. Model evaluation indices were computed with 5-day forecasts | 205 | 2019. Model evaluation indices were computed with 5-day forecasts | ||
183 | demonstrating a better performance of NH (Nash\u2013Sutcliffe | 206 | demonstrating a better performance of NH (Nash\u2013Sutcliffe | ||
184 | effciency NSE = 0.58) thanWWH(NSE = 0.10) and the need of output | 207 | effciency NSE = 0.58) thanWWH(NSE = 0.10) and the need of output | ||
185 | optimization. The optimization conducted with a linear regression | 208 | optimization. The optimization conducted with a linear regression | ||
186 | post-processing technique improves performance significantly to | 209 | post-processing technique improves performance significantly to | ||
187 | \u201cvery good\u201d forNH (Heidke skill score HSS = 0.53) and | 210 | \u201cvery good\u201d forNH (Heidke skill score HSS = 0.53) and | ||
188 | \u201cgood\u201d forWWH(HSS = 0.28). HYPE outputs\r\nallow to extend | 211 | \u201cgood\u201d forWWH(HSS = 0.28). HYPE outputs\r\nallow to extend | ||
189 | local EWS warning lead-time up to 10 days. Since the transfer | 212 | local EWS warning lead-time up to 10 days. Since the transfer | ||
190 | informatic environment is not yet a mature operational system | 213 | informatic environment is not yet a mature operational system | ||
191 | 10\u201320% of forecasts were unfortunately not produced in 2019, | 214 | 10\u201320% of forecasts were unfortunately not produced in 2019, | ||
192 | impacting operational availability.\r\n\r\nKeywords: Middle Niger | 215 | impacting operational availability.\r\n\r\nKeywords: Middle Niger | ||
193 | River Basin; Sirba River; floods; flood alert; HYPE; model evaluation; | 216 | River Basin; Sirba River; floods; flood alert; HYPE; model evaluation; | ||
194 | hydrological model; optimization; early warning system; SLAPIS", | 217 | hydrological model; optimization; early warning system; SLAPIS", | ||
195 | "format": "PDF", | 218 | "format": "PDF", | ||
196 | "hash": "", | 219 | "hash": "", | ||
197 | "id": "0fb862f2-9b1b-4056-87fc-820bf3bd2216", | 220 | "id": "0fb862f2-9b1b-4056-87fc-820bf3bd2216", | ||
198 | "last_modified": "2020-12-15T11:07:58.608992", | 221 | "last_modified": "2020-12-15T11:07:58.608992", | ||
199 | "metadata_modified": "2020-12-15T11:07:58.663729", | 222 | "metadata_modified": "2020-12-15T11:07:58.663729", | ||
200 | "mimetype": "application/pdf", | 223 | "mimetype": "application/pdf", | ||
201 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 224 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
202 | "name": "Downscaling Regional Hydrological Forecast for | 225 | "name": "Downscaling Regional Hydrological Forecast for | ||
203 | Operational Use in Local Early Warning: HYPE Models in the Sirba | 226 | Operational Use in Local Early Warning: HYPE Models in the Sirba | ||
204 | River", | 227 | River", | ||
205 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 228 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
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211 | b-4056-87fc-820bf3bd2216/download/water-12-03504-massazza-et-al..pdf", | 234 | b-4056-87fc-820bf3bd2216/download/water-12-03504-massazza-et-al..pdf", | ||
212 | "url_type": "upload" | 235 | "url_type": "upload" | ||
213 | }, | 236 | }, | ||
214 | { | 237 | { | ||
215 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 238 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
216 | "cache_url": null, | 239 | "cache_url": null, | ||
217 | "created": "2021-06-22T15:46:30.731162", | 240 | "created": "2021-06-22T15:46:30.731162", | ||
218 | "datastore_active": false, | 241 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
219 | "description": "Bacci, M.; Ousman Baoua, Y.; Tarchiani, | 242 | "description": "Bacci, M.; Ousman Baoua, Y.; Tarchiani, | ||
220 | V.\r\nPublished in: Sustainability 2020, 12, | 243 | V.\r\nPublished in: Sustainability 2020, 12, | ||
221 | 3246.\r\nAbstract\r\nAgriculture production in Nigerien rural areas | 244 | 3246.\r\nAbstract\r\nAgriculture production in Nigerien rural areas | ||
222 | mainly depends on weather variability. Weather forecasts produced by | 245 | mainly depends on weather variability. Weather forecasts produced by | ||
223 | national or international bodies have very limited dissemination in | 246 | national or international bodies have very limited dissemination in | ||
224 | rural areas and even if broadcast by local radio, they remain generic | 247 | rural areas and even if broadcast by local radio, they remain generic | ||
225 | and limited to short-term information. According to several | 248 | and limited to short-term information. According to several | ||
226 | experiences in West Africa, weather and climate services (WCSs) have | 249 | experiences in West Africa, weather and climate services (WCSs) have | ||
227 | great potential to support farmers\u2019 decision making. The | 250 | great potential to support farmers\u2019 decision making. The | ||
228 | challenge is to reach local communities with tailored information | 251 | challenge is to reach local communities with tailored information | ||
229 | about the future weather to support strategic and tactical crop | 252 | about the future weather to support strategic and tactical crop | ||
230 | management decisions. WCSs, in West Africa, are mainly based on | 253 | management decisions. WCSs, in West Africa, are mainly based on | ||
231 | short-range weather forecasts and seasonal climate forecasts, while | 254 | short-range weather forecasts and seasonal climate forecasts, while | ||
232 | medium-range weather forecasts, even if potentially very useful for | 255 | medium-range weather forecasts, even if potentially very useful for | ||
233 | crop management, are rarely produced. This paper presents the results | 256 | crop management, are rarely produced. This paper presents the results | ||
234 | of a pilot initiative in Niger to reach farming communities with | 257 | of a pilot initiative in Niger to reach farming communities with | ||
235 | 10-day forecasts from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric | 258 | 10-day forecasts from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric | ||
236 | Administration\u2014Global Forecast System (NOAA-GFS) produced by the | 259 | Administration\u2014Global Forecast System (NOAA-GFS) produced by the | ||
237 | National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). After the | 260 | National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). After the | ||
238 | implementation of the download and treatment chain, the Niger National | 261 | implementation of the download and treatment chain, the Niger National | ||
239 | Meteorological Directorate can provide 10-day agrometeorological | 262 | Meteorological Directorate can provide 10-day agrometeorological | ||
240 | forecasts to the agricultural extension services in eight rural | 263 | forecasts to the agricultural extension services in eight rural | ||
241 | municipalities. Exploiting the users\u2019 evaluation of the | 264 | municipalities. Exploiting the users\u2019 evaluation of the | ||
242 | forecasts, an analysis of usability and overall performance of the | 265 | forecasts, an analysis of usability and overall performance of the | ||
243 | service is described. The results demonstrate that, even in rural and | 266 | service is described. The results demonstrate that, even in rural and | ||
244 | remote areas, agrometeorological forecasts are valued as powerful and | 267 | remote areas, agrometeorological forecasts are valued as powerful and | ||
245 | useful information for decision-making processes. The service can be | 268 | useful information for decision-making processes. The service can be | ||
246 | implemented at low cost with effective technologies making it | 269 | implemented at low cost with effective technologies making it | ||
247 | affordable and sustainable even in developing countries. Nonetheless, | 270 | affordable and sustainable even in developing countries. Nonetheless, | ||
248 | the service\u2019s effectiveness depends on several aspects mainly | 271 | the service\u2019s effectiveness depends on several aspects mainly | ||
249 | related to the way information is communicated to the public.", | 272 | related to the way information is communicated to the public.", | ||
250 | "format": "PDF", | 273 | "format": "PDF", | ||
251 | "hash": "", | 274 | "hash": "", | ||
252 | "id": "be654e45-e39d-46a4-9147-b56e7771f838", | 275 | "id": "be654e45-e39d-46a4-9147-b56e7771f838", | ||
253 | "last_modified": null, | 276 | "last_modified": null, | ||
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255 | "mimetype": null, | 278 | "mimetype": null, | ||
256 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 279 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
257 | "name": "Agrometeorological Forecast for Smallholder Farmers: A | 280 | "name": "Agrometeorological Forecast for Smallholder Farmers: A | ||
258 | Powerful Tool for Weather-Informed Crops Management in the Sahel.", | 281 | Powerful Tool for Weather-Informed Crops Management in the Sahel.", | ||
259 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 282 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
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264 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/8/3246", | 287 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/8/3246", | ||
265 | "url_type": null | 288 | "url_type": null | ||
266 | }, | 289 | }, | ||
267 | { | 290 | { | ||
268 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 291 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
269 | "cache_url": null, | 292 | "cache_url": null, | ||
270 | "created": "2020-12-04T16:22:48.463478", | 293 | "created": "2020-12-04T16:22:48.463478", | ||
271 | "datastore_active": false, | 294 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
272 | "description": "Vieri Tarchiani, Giovanni Massazza, Maurizio | 295 | "description": "Vieri Tarchiani, Giovanni Massazza, Maurizio | ||
273 | Rosso, Maurizio Tiepolo, Alessandro Pezzoli, Mohamed Housseini | 296 | Rosso, Maurizio Tiepolo, Alessandro Pezzoli, Mohamed Housseini | ||
274 | Ibrahim, Gaptia Lawan Katiellou, Paolo Tamagnone, Tiziana De Filippis, | 297 | Ibrahim, Gaptia Lawan Katiellou, Paolo Tamagnone, Tiziana De Filippis, | ||
275 | Leandro Rocchi, Valentina Marchi and Elena Rapisardi\r\nPublished in: | 298 | Leandro Rocchi, Valentina Marchi and Elena Rapisardi\r\nPublished in: | ||
276 | Sustainability \r\nDate: February 28, 2020\r\nAbstract\r\nFloods have | 299 | Sustainability \r\nDate: February 28, 2020\r\nAbstract\r\nFloods have | ||
277 | recently become a major hazard in West Africa (WA) in terms of both | 300 | recently become a major hazard in West Africa (WA) in terms of both | ||
278 | their magnitude and frequency. They affect livelihoods, infrastructure | 301 | their magnitude and frequency. They affect livelihoods, infrastructure | ||
279 | and production systems, hence impacting on Sustainable Development | 302 | and production systems, hence impacting on Sustainable Development | ||
280 | (SD). Early Warning Systems (EWS) for floods that properly address all | 303 | (SD). Early Warning Systems (EWS) for floods that properly address all | ||
281 | four EWS components, while also being community and impact\u2010based, | 304 | four EWS components, while also being community and impact\u2010based, | ||
282 | do not yet exist in WA. Existing systems address only the main rivers, | 305 | do not yet exist in WA. Existing systems address only the main rivers, | ||
283 | are conceived in a top\u2010down manner and are hazard\u2010centered. | 306 | are conceived in a top\u2010down manner and are hazard\u2010centered. | ||
284 | This study on the Sirba river in Niger aims to demonstrate that an | 307 | This study on the Sirba river in Niger aims to demonstrate that an | ||
285 | operational community and impact\u2010based EWS for floods can be set | 308 | operational community and impact\u2010based EWS for floods can be set | ||
286 | up by leveraging the existing tools, local stakeholders and knowledge. | 309 | up by leveraging the existing tools, local stakeholders and knowledge. | ||
287 | The main finding of the study is that bridging the gap between topdown | 310 | The main finding of the study is that bridging the gap between topdown | ||
288 | and bottom\u2010up approaches is possible by directly connecting the | 311 | and bottom\u2010up approaches is possible by directly connecting the | ||
289 | available technical capabilities with the local level through a | 312 | available technical capabilities with the local level through a | ||
290 | participatory approach. This allows the beneficiaries to define the | 313 | participatory approach. This allows the beneficiaries to define the | ||
291 | rules that will develop the whole system, strengthening their ability | 314 | rules that will develop the whole system, strengthening their ability | ||
292 | to understand the information and take action. Moreover, the | 315 | to understand the information and take action. Moreover, the | ||
293 | integration of hydrological forecasts and observations with the | 316 | integration of hydrological forecasts and observations with the | ||
294 | community monitoring and preparedness system provides a lead time | 317 | community monitoring and preparedness system provides a lead time | ||
295 | suitable for operational decision\u2010making at national and local | 318 | suitable for operational decision\u2010making at national and local | ||
296 | levels. The study points out the need for the commitment of | 319 | levels. The study points out the need for the commitment of | ||
297 | governments to the transboundary sharing of flood information for EWS | 320 | governments to the transboundary sharing of flood information for EWS | ||
298 | and SD.", | 321 | and SD.", | ||
299 | "format": "PDF", | 322 | "format": "PDF", | ||
300 | "hash": "", | 323 | "hash": "", | ||
301 | "id": "928490ab-a65b-4f4e-bb88-16b2d4bc81cc", | 324 | "id": "928490ab-a65b-4f4e-bb88-16b2d4bc81cc", | ||
302 | "last_modified": null, | 325 | "last_modified": null, | ||
303 | "metadata_modified": "2020-12-04T16:22:48.463478", | 326 | "metadata_modified": "2020-12-04T16:22:48.463478", | ||
304 | "mimetype": null, | 327 | "mimetype": null, | ||
305 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 328 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
306 | "name": "Community and Impact Based Early Warning System for | 329 | "name": "Community and Impact Based Early Warning System for | ||
307 | Flood Risk Preparedness: The Experience of the Sirba River in Niger", | 330 | Flood Risk Preparedness: The Experience of the Sirba River in Niger", | ||
308 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 331 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
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310 | "resource_type": null, | 333 | "resource_type": null, | ||
311 | "size": null, | 334 | "size": null, | ||
312 | "state": "active", | 335 | "state": "active", | ||
313 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/5/1802", | 336 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/5/1802", | ||
314 | "url_type": null | 337 | "url_type": null | ||
315 | }, | 338 | }, | ||
316 | { | 339 | { | ||
317 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 340 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
318 | "cache_url": null, | 341 | "cache_url": null, | ||
319 | "created": "2020-12-04T16:28:36.114546", | 342 | "created": "2020-12-04T16:28:36.114546", | ||
320 | "datastore_active": false, | 343 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
321 | "description": "Water 2020, 12(3), 620; | 344 | "description": "Water 2020, 12(3), 620; | ||
322 | https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030620 \r\nAbstract\r\nIn the last decades, | 345 | https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030620 \r\nAbstract\r\nIn the last decades, | ||
323 | the Sahelian area was hit by an increase of flood events, both in | 346 | the Sahelian area was hit by an increase of flood events, both in | ||
324 | frequency and in magnitude. In order to prevent damages, an early | 347 | frequency and in magnitude. In order to prevent damages, an early | ||
325 | warning system (EWS) has been planned for the Sirba River, the major | 348 | warning system (EWS) has been planned for the Sirba River, the major | ||
326 | tributary of the Middle Niger River Basin. The EWS uses the prior | 349 | tributary of the Middle Niger River Basin. The EWS uses the prior | ||
327 | notification of Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) to realize | 350 | notification of Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) to realize | ||
328 | adaptive measures in the exposed villages. This study analyzed the | 351 | adaptive measures in the exposed villages. This study analyzed the | ||
329 | performances of GloFAS 1.0 and 2.0 at Garbey Kourou. The model | 352 | performances of GloFAS 1.0 and 2.0 at Garbey Kourou. The model | ||
330 | verification was performed using continuous and categorical indices | 353 | verification was performed using continuous and categorical indices | ||
331 | computed according to the historical flow series and the flow hazard | 354 | computed according to the historical flow series and the flow hazard | ||
332 | thresholds. The unsatisfactory reliability of the original forecasts | 355 | thresholds. The unsatisfactory reliability of the original forecasts | ||
333 | suggested the performing of an optimization to improve the model | 356 | suggested the performing of an optimization to improve the model | ||
334 | performances. Therefore, datasets were divided into two periods, 5 | 357 | performances. Therefore, datasets were divided into two periods, 5 | ||
335 | years for training and 5 years for validation, and an optimization was | 358 | years for training and 5 years for validation, and an optimization was | ||
336 | conducted applying a linear regression throughout the homogeneous | 359 | conducted applying a linear regression throughout the homogeneous | ||
337 | periods of the wet season. The results show that the optimization | 360 | periods of the wet season. The results show that the optimization | ||
338 | improved the performances of GloFAS 1.0 and decreased the forecast | 361 | improved the performances of GloFAS 1.0 and decreased the forecast | ||
339 | deficit of GloFAS 2.0. Moreover, it highlighted the fundamental role | 362 | deficit of GloFAS 2.0. Moreover, it highlighted the fundamental role | ||
340 | played by the hazard thresholds in the model evaluation. The optimized | 363 | played by the hazard thresholds in the model evaluation. The optimized | ||
341 | GloFAS 2.0 demonstrated performance acceptable in order to be applied | 364 | GloFAS 2.0 demonstrated performance acceptable in order to be applied | ||
342 | in an EWS", | 365 | in an EWS", | ||
343 | "format": "PDF", | 366 | "format": "PDF", | ||
344 | "hash": "", | 367 | "hash": "", | ||
345 | "id": "b0bbd84b-cd74-4376-95ae-bc6d6b50126c", | 368 | "id": "b0bbd84b-cd74-4376-95ae-bc6d6b50126c", | ||
346 | "last_modified": null, | 369 | "last_modified": null, | ||
347 | "metadata_modified": "2020-12-04T16:28:36.114546", | 370 | "metadata_modified": "2020-12-04T16:28:36.114546", | ||
348 | "mimetype": null, | 371 | "mimetype": null, | ||
349 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 372 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
350 | "name": "Hydrological Model Application in the Sirba River: | 373 | "name": "Hydrological Model Application in the Sirba River: | ||
351 | Early Warning System and GloFAS Improvements ", | 374 | Early Warning System and GloFAS Improvements ", | ||
352 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 375 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
n | 353 | "position": 5, | n | 376 | "position": 6, |
354 | "resource_type": null, | 377 | "resource_type": null, | ||
355 | "size": null, | 378 | "size": null, | ||
356 | "state": "active", | 379 | "state": "active", | ||
357 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/3/620", | 380 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/3/620", | ||
358 | "url_type": null | 381 | "url_type": null | ||
359 | }, | 382 | }, | ||
360 | { | 383 | { | ||
361 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 384 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
362 | "cache_url": null, | 385 | "cache_url": null, | ||
363 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:32:54.942477", | 386 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:32:54.942477", | ||
364 | "datastore_active": false, | 387 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
365 | "description": "Fiorillo, E.; Crisci, A.; Issa, H.; Maracchi, | 388 | "description": "Fiorillo, E.; Crisci, A.; Issa, H.; Maracchi, | ||
366 | G.; Morabito, M.; Tarchiani, V.\r\nPublished in: Climate 2018, 6, | 389 | G.; Morabito, M.; Tarchiani, V.\r\nPublished in: Climate 2018, 6, | ||
367 | 59\r\nDate: July 3, 2018\r\nAbstract\r\nDuring the last two decades, | 390 | 59\r\nDate: July 3, 2018\r\nAbstract\r\nDuring the last two decades, | ||
368 | the sub-Saharan region has experienced unusual floods that have | 391 | the sub-Saharan region has experienced unusual floods that have | ||
369 | differentially impacted the region. No official and precise data | 392 | differentially impacted the region. No official and precise data | ||
370 | regarding flood damage and impacts on the population are available, | 393 | regarding flood damage and impacts on the population are available, | ||
371 | and the magnitude of events are not easily evaluated. Most previous | 394 | and the magnitude of events are not easily evaluated. Most previous | ||
372 | studies have investigated this new threat using data derived from | 395 | studies have investigated this new threat using data derived from | ||
373 | local media sources or world disaster databases. The aim of this study | 396 | local media sources or world disaster databases. The aim of this study | ||
374 | was to provide the scientific community and policy makers with an | 397 | was to provide the scientific community and policy makers with an | ||
375 | updated and reliable referenced data source concerning floods in Niger | 398 | updated and reliable referenced data source concerning floods in Niger | ||
376 | between 1998 and 2015, at national, regional and sub-regional scales. | 399 | between 1998 and 2015, at national, regional and sub-regional scales. | ||
377 | Reliable information regarding floods was derived from the national | 400 | Reliable information regarding floods was derived from the national | ||
378 | official flood damage database (ANADIA DB) showing their impact on the | 401 | official flood damage database (ANADIA DB) showing their impact on the | ||
379 | country. During the investigated period, considerable numbers | 402 | country. During the investigated period, considerable numbers | ||
380 | regarding flood impacts were found (about 4000 settlements and 1.7 | 403 | regarding flood impacts were found (about 4000 settlements and 1.7 | ||
381 | million people were affected by floods). The analysis also indicates a | 404 | million people were affected by floods). The analysis also indicates a | ||
382 | sudden increase in flood impacts since 2010. Regions in the south-west | 405 | sudden increase in flood impacts since 2010. Regions in the south-west | ||
383 | (Tillabery, Dosso and Niamey district) are the most affected; however, | 406 | (Tillabery, Dosso and Niamey district) are the most affected; however, | ||
384 | this kind of risk involves the whole country, and some particularly | 407 | this kind of risk involves the whole country, and some particularly | ||
385 | vulnerable areas have been identified. A data modeling comprehensive | 408 | vulnerable areas have been identified. A data modeling comprehensive | ||
386 | framework based on remotely sensed rainfall (climate hazards group | 409 | framework based on remotely sensed rainfall (climate hazards group | ||
387 | infrared precipitation with stations (CHIRPS)) and vegetation index | 410 | infrared precipitation with stations (CHIRPS)) and vegetation index | ||
388 | (moderate resolution imagery spectroradiometer normalized difference | 411 | (moderate resolution imagery spectroradiometer normalized difference | ||
389 | vegetation index (MODIS NDVI)) datasets data along with census data | 412 | vegetation index (MODIS NDVI)) datasets data along with census data | ||
390 | were used to investigate which variables are most able to explain the | 413 | were used to investigate which variables are most able to explain the | ||
391 | recent and sudden Niger flood vulnerability detected at the | 414 | recent and sudden Niger flood vulnerability detected at the | ||
392 | departmental scale. Only a few statistically significant flood damage | 415 | departmental scale. Only a few statistically significant flood damage | ||
393 | models were found (61 out of 297), due essentially to the | 416 | models were found (61 out of 297), due essentially to the | ||
394 | non-linearity of the increase in damage time series compared to | 417 | non-linearity of the increase in damage time series compared to | ||
395 | environmental and climatic trends. The population increase is the most | 418 | environmental and climatic trends. The population increase is the most | ||
396 | significant variable at national level; however, at regional and | 419 | significant variable at national level; however, at regional and | ||
397 | sub-regional scales, different patterns provided evidence to identify | 420 | sub-regional scales, different patterns provided evidence to identify | ||
398 | local triggers for vulnerability.", | 421 | local triggers for vulnerability.", | ||
399 | "format": "PDF", | 422 | "format": "PDF", | ||
400 | "hash": "", | 423 | "hash": "", | ||
401 | "id": "f6d3b3cd-12f5-4ca5-ba22-2ca011ea20dc", | 424 | "id": "f6d3b3cd-12f5-4ca5-ba22-2ca011ea20dc", | ||
402 | "last_modified": "2020-07-16T11:32:54.906694", | 425 | "last_modified": "2020-07-16T11:32:54.906694", | ||
403 | "metadata_modified": "2020-07-16T11:32:54.942477", | 426 | "metadata_modified": "2020-07-16T11:32:54.942477", | ||
404 | "mimetype": "application/pdf", | 427 | "mimetype": "application/pdf", | ||
405 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 428 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
406 | "name": "Recent Changes of Floods and related Impacts in Niger | 429 | "name": "Recent Changes of Floods and related Impacts in Niger | ||
407 | Based on the ANADIA Niger Flood Database.pdf", | 430 | Based on the ANADIA Niger Flood Database.pdf", | ||
408 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 431 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
n | 409 | "position": 6, | n | 432 | "position": 7, |
410 | "resource_type": null, | 433 | "resource_type": null, | ||
411 | "size": 2947033, | 434 | "size": 2947033, | ||
412 | "state": "active", | 435 | "state": "active", | ||
413 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/6/3/59", | 436 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/6/3/59", | ||
414 | "url_type": "" | 437 | "url_type": "" | ||
415 | }, | 438 | }, | ||
416 | { | 439 | { | ||
417 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 440 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
418 | "cache_url": null, | 441 | "cache_url": null, | ||
419 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:33:48.985072", | 442 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:33:48.985072", | ||
420 | "datastore_active": false, | 443 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
421 | "description": "Bigi, V.; Pezzoli, A.; Rosso, M.\r\nPublished | 444 | "description": "Bigi, V.; Pezzoli, A.; Rosso, M.\r\nPublished | ||
422 | in: Climate 2018, 6, 73\r\nDate: September 5, | 445 | in: Climate 2018, 6, 73\r\nDate: September 5, | ||
423 | 2018\r\nAbstract\r\nDespite the interest in detecting the extremes of | 446 | 2018\r\nAbstract\r\nDespite the interest in detecting the extremes of | ||
424 | climate in the West African Sahel, few studies have been specifically | 447 | climate in the West African Sahel, few studies have been specifically | ||
425 | conducted on the Republic of Niger. This research focuses on past, | 448 | conducted on the Republic of Niger. This research focuses on past, | ||
426 | present, and future precipitation trends for the city of Niamey | 449 | present, and future precipitation trends for the city of Niamey | ||
427 | through the combined assessment of WMO precipitation indices using | 450 | through the combined assessment of WMO precipitation indices using | ||
428 | RClimDex and the Standardized Precipitation Index. Past daily | 451 | RClimDex and the Standardized Precipitation Index. Past daily | ||
429 | precipitation data were derived from a 60-year reconstructed | 452 | precipitation data were derived from a 60-year reconstructed | ||
430 | meteorological dataset for the Niamey airport station for the period | 453 | meteorological dataset for the Niamey airport station for the period | ||
431 | of 1950\u20132009 and validated through comparison with an observed | 454 | of 1950\u20132009 and validated through comparison with an observed | ||
432 | time series at Niamey airport (1980\u20132012). Precipitation analysis | 455 | time series at Niamey airport (1980\u20132012). Precipitation analysis | ||
433 | confirms the literature\u2019s findings, in particular, a decreasing | 456 | confirms the literature\u2019s findings, in particular, a decreasing | ||
434 | trend in total precipitation over the period of 1950\u20132009, and a | 457 | trend in total precipitation over the period of 1950\u20132009, and a | ||
435 | positive trend for data that spans over the period of 1980\u20132009, | 458 | positive trend for data that spans over the period of 1980\u20132009, | ||
436 | suggesting a precipitation recovery after the dry epoch | 459 | suggesting a precipitation recovery after the dry epoch | ||
437 | (1968\u20131985), even if the deficit with the wettest years in the | 460 | (1968\u20131985), even if the deficit with the wettest years in the | ||
438 | period of 1950\u20131968 has not been made up. Furthermore, | 461 | period of 1950\u20131968 has not been made up. Furthermore, | ||
439 | WATCH-Forcing-Data-ERA-Interim projections, elaborated under RCP 4.5 | 462 | WATCH-Forcing-Data-ERA-Interim projections, elaborated under RCP 4.5 | ||
440 | and RCP 8.5 socio-economic conditions, show that precipitation will | 463 | and RCP 8.5 socio-economic conditions, show that precipitation will | ||
441 | increase in the future. Therefore, the Nigerien population will | 464 | increase in the future. Therefore, the Nigerien population will | ||
442 | benefit from increased rainfall, but will also have to cope with the | 465 | benefit from increased rainfall, but will also have to cope with the | ||
443 | exacerbation of both flood and drought risks due to a great | 466 | exacerbation of both flood and drought risks due to a great | ||
444 | interannual variability that can positively or negatively influence | 467 | interannual variability that can positively or negatively influence | ||
445 | water availability.", | 468 | water availability.", | ||
446 | "format": "PDF", | 469 | "format": "PDF", | ||
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452 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 475 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
453 | "name": "Past and Future Precipitation Trend Analysis for the | 476 | "name": "Past and Future Precipitation Trend Analysis for the | ||
454 | City of Niamey (Niger) An Overview.pdf", | 477 | City of Niamey (Niger) An Overview.pdf", | ||
455 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 478 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
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464 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 487 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
465 | "cache_url": null, | 488 | "cache_url": null, | ||
466 | "created": "2021-06-22T15:51:32.061467", | 489 | "created": "2021-06-22T15:51:32.061467", | ||
467 | "datastore_active": false, | 490 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
468 | "description": "Tiepolo, M.; Bacci, M.; Braccio, S.\r\nPublished | 491 | "description": "Tiepolo, M.; Bacci, M.; Braccio, S.\r\nPublished | ||
469 | in: Climate 2018, 6, 67\r\nAbstract\r\nInternational aid for climate | 492 | in: Climate 2018, 6, 67\r\nAbstract\r\nInternational aid for climate | ||
470 | change adaptation in West Africa is increasing exponentially, but our | 493 | change adaptation in West Africa is increasing exponentially, but our | ||
471 | understanding of hydroclimatic risks is not keeping pace with that | 494 | understanding of hydroclimatic risks is not keeping pace with that | ||
472 | increase. The aim of this article is to develop a multihazard risk | 495 | increase. The aim of this article is to develop a multihazard risk | ||
473 | assessment on a regional scale based on existing information that can | 496 | assessment on a regional scale based on existing information that can | ||
474 | be repeated over time and space and that will be useful during | 497 | be repeated over time and space and that will be useful during | ||
475 | decision-making processes. This assessment was conducted in Dosso | 498 | decision-making processes. This assessment was conducted in Dosso | ||
476 | (Niger), the region most hit by flooding in the country, with the | 499 | (Niger), the region most hit by flooding in the country, with the | ||
477 | highest hydroclimatic risk in West Africa. The assessment | 500 | highest hydroclimatic risk in West Africa. The assessment | ||
478 | characterizes the climate, identifies hazards, and analyzes | 501 | characterizes the climate, identifies hazards, and analyzes | ||
479 | multihazard risk over the 2011\u20132017 period for each of the | 502 | multihazard risk over the 2011\u20132017 period for each of the | ||
480 | region\u2019s 43 municipalities. Hazards and risk level are compared | 503 | region\u2019s 43 municipalities. Hazards and risk level are compared | ||
481 | to the intervention areas and actions of 6 municipal development plans | 504 | to the intervention areas and actions of 6 municipal development plans | ||
482 | and 12 adaptation and resilience projects. Over the past seven years, | 505 | and 12 adaptation and resilience projects. Over the past seven years, | ||
483 | heavy precipitation and dry spells in the Dosso region have been more | 506 | heavy precipitation and dry spells in the Dosso region have been more | ||
484 | frequent than during the previous 30-year period. As many as 606 | 507 | frequent than during the previous 30-year period. As many as 606 | ||
485 | settlements have been repeatedly hit and 15 municipalities are | 508 | settlements have been repeatedly hit and 15 municipalities are | ||
486 | classified as being at elevated-to-severe multihazard risk. The | 509 | classified as being at elevated-to-severe multihazard risk. The | ||
487 | geographical distribution of the adaptation and resilience projects | 510 | geographical distribution of the adaptation and resilience projects | ||
488 | does not reflect the risk level. A third of the local development | 511 | does not reflect the risk level. A third of the local development | ||
489 | plans examined propose actions that are inconsistent with the main | 512 | plans examined propose actions that are inconsistent with the main | ||
490 | hydroclimatic threats.", | 513 | hydroclimatic threats.", | ||
491 | "format": "PDF", | 514 | "format": "PDF", | ||
492 | "hash": "", | 515 | "hash": "", | ||
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494 | "last_modified": null, | 517 | "last_modified": null, | ||
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497 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 520 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
498 | "name": " Multihazard Risk Assessment for Planning with | 521 | "name": " Multihazard Risk Assessment for Planning with | ||
499 | Climate in the Dosso Region, Niger.", | 522 | Climate in the Dosso Region, Niger.", | ||
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505 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/6/3/67", | 528 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/6/3/67", | ||
506 | "url_type": null | 529 | "url_type": null | ||
507 | }, | 530 | }, | ||
508 | { | 531 | { | ||
509 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 532 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
510 | "cache_url": null, | 533 | "cache_url": null, | ||
511 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:34:23.604018", | 534 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:34:23.604018", | ||
512 | "datastore_active": false, | 535 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
513 | "description": "Tamagnone, P.; Massazza, G.; Pezzoli, A.; Rosso, | 536 | "description": "Tamagnone, P.; Massazza, G.; Pezzoli, A.; Rosso, | ||
514 | M.\r\nPublished in: Water 2019, 11, 156\r\nDate: August 8, | 537 | M.\r\nPublished in: Water 2019, 11, 156\r\nDate: August 8, | ||
515 | 2018\r\nAbstract\r\nInternational aid for climate change adaptation in | 538 | 2018\r\nAbstract\r\nInternational aid for climate change adaptation in | ||
516 | West Africa is increasing exponentially, but our understanding of | 539 | West Africa is increasing exponentially, but our understanding of | ||
517 | hydroclimatic risks is not keeping pace with that increase. The aim of | 540 | hydroclimatic risks is not keeping pace with that increase. The aim of | ||
518 | this article is to develop a multihazard risk assessment on a regional | 541 | this article is to develop a multihazard risk assessment on a regional | ||
519 | scale based on existing information that can be repeated over time and | 542 | scale based on existing information that can be repeated over time and | ||
520 | space and that will be useful during decision-making processes. This | 543 | space and that will be useful during decision-making processes. This | ||
521 | assessment was conducted in Dosso (Niger), the region most hit by | 544 | assessment was conducted in Dosso (Niger), the region most hit by | ||
522 | flooding in the country, with the highest hydroclimatic risk in West | 545 | flooding in the country, with the highest hydroclimatic risk in West | ||
523 | Africa. The assessment characterizes the climate, identifies hazards, | 546 | Africa. The assessment characterizes the climate, identifies hazards, | ||
524 | and analyzes multihazard risk over the 2011\u20132017 period for each | 547 | and analyzes multihazard risk over the 2011\u20132017 period for each | ||
525 | of the region\u2019s 43 municipalities. Hazards and risk level are | 548 | of the region\u2019s 43 municipalities. Hazards and risk level are | ||
526 | compared to the intervention areas and actions of 6 municipal | 549 | compared to the intervention areas and actions of 6 municipal | ||
527 | development plans and 12 adaptation and resilience projects. Over the | 550 | development plans and 12 adaptation and resilience projects. Over the | ||
528 | past seven years, heavy precipitation and dry spells in the Dosso | 551 | past seven years, heavy precipitation and dry spells in the Dosso | ||
529 | region have been more frequent than during the previous 30-year | 552 | region have been more frequent than during the previous 30-year | ||
530 | period. As many as 606 settlements have been repeatedly hit and 15 | 553 | period. As many as 606 settlements have been repeatedly hit and 15 | ||
531 | municipalities are classified as being at elevated-to-severe | 554 | municipalities are classified as being at elevated-to-severe | ||
532 | multihazard risk. The geographical distribution of the adaptation and | 555 | multihazard risk. The geographical distribution of the adaptation and | ||
533 | resilience projects does not reflect the risk level. A third of the | 556 | resilience projects does not reflect the risk level. A third of the | ||
534 | local development plans examined propose actions that are inconsistent | 557 | local development plans examined propose actions that are inconsistent | ||
535 | with the main hydroclimatic threats.", | 558 | with the main hydroclimatic threats.", | ||
536 | "format": "PDF", | 559 | "format": "PDF", | ||
537 | "hash": "", | 560 | "hash": "", | ||
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542 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 565 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
543 | "name": "Hydrology of the Sirba River - Updating and Analysis of | 566 | "name": "Hydrology of the Sirba River - Updating and Analysis of | ||
544 | Discharge Time Series", | 567 | Discharge Time Series", | ||
545 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 568 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
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550 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/6/3/67", | 573 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/6/3/67", | ||
551 | "url_type": "" | 574 | "url_type": "" | ||
552 | }, | 575 | }, | ||
553 | { | 576 | { | ||
554 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 577 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
555 | "cache_url": null, | 578 | "cache_url": null, | ||
556 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:35:22.035394", | 579 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:35:22.035394", | ||
557 | "datastore_active": false, | 580 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
558 | "description": "Massazza, G.; Tamagnone, P.; Wilcox, C.; | 581 | "description": "Massazza, G.; Tamagnone, P.; Wilcox, C.; | ||
559 | Belcore, E.; Pezzoli, A.; Vischel, T.; Panthou, G.; Housseini Ibrahim, | 582 | Belcore, E.; Pezzoli, A.; Vischel, T.; Panthou, G.; Housseini Ibrahim, | ||
560 | M.; Tiepolo, M.; Tarchiani, V.; Rosso, M.\r\nPublished in: Water 2019, | 583 | M.; Tiepolo, M.; Tarchiani, V.; Rosso, M.\r\nPublished in: Water 2019, | ||
561 | 11, 1018\r\nDate: May 16, 2019\r\nAbstract\r\nIn Sahelian countries, a | 584 | 11, 1018\r\nDate: May 16, 2019\r\nAbstract\r\nIn Sahelian countries, a | ||
562 | vast number of people are still affected every year by flood despite | 585 | vast number of people are still affected every year by flood despite | ||
563 | the efforts to prevent or mitigate these catastrophic events. This | 586 | the efforts to prevent or mitigate these catastrophic events. This | ||
564 | phenomenon is exacerbated by the incessant population growth and the | 587 | phenomenon is exacerbated by the incessant population growth and the | ||
565 | increase of extreme natural events. Hence, the development of flood | 588 | increase of extreme natural events. Hence, the development of flood | ||
566 | management strategies such as flood hazard mapping and Early Warning | 589 | management strategies such as flood hazard mapping and Early Warning | ||
567 | Systems has become a crucial objective for the affected nations. This | 590 | Systems has become a crucial objective for the affected nations. This | ||
568 | study presents a comprehensive hazard assessment of the Nigerien reach | 591 | study presents a comprehensive hazard assessment of the Nigerien reach | ||
569 | of the Sirba River, the main tributary Middle Niger River. Hazard | 592 | of the Sirba River, the main tributary Middle Niger River. Hazard | ||
570 | thresholds were defined both on hydrological analysis and field | 593 | thresholds were defined both on hydrological analysis and field | ||
571 | effects, according to national guidelines. Non-stationary analyses | 594 | effects, according to national guidelines. Non-stationary analyses | ||
572 | were carried out to consider changes in the hydrological behaviour of | 595 | were carried out to consider changes in the hydrological behaviour of | ||
573 | the Sirba basin over time. Data from topographical land surveys and | 596 | the Sirba basin over time. Data from topographical land surveys and | ||
574 | discharge gauges collected during the 2018 dry and wet seasons were | 597 | discharge gauges collected during the 2018 dry and wet seasons were | ||
575 | used to implement the hydraulic numerical model of the analyzed reach. | 598 | used to implement the hydraulic numerical model of the analyzed reach. | ||
576 | The use of the proposed hydraulic model allowed the delineation of | 599 | The use of the proposed hydraulic model allowed the delineation of | ||
577 | flood hazard maps as well the calculation of the flood propagation | 600 | flood hazard maps as well the calculation of the flood propagation | ||
578 | time from the upstream hydrometric station and the validation of the | 601 | time from the upstream hydrometric station and the validation of the | ||
579 | rating curves of the two gauging sites. These significative outcomes | 602 | rating curves of the two gauging sites. These significative outcomes | ||
580 | will allow the implementation of the Early Warning System for the | 603 | will allow the implementation of the Early Warning System for the | ||
581 | river flood hazard and risk reduction plans preparation for each | 604 | river flood hazard and risk reduction plans preparation for each | ||
582 | settlement.", | 605 | settlement.", | ||
583 | "format": "PDF", | 606 | "format": "PDF", | ||
584 | "hash": "", | 607 | "hash": "", | ||
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586 | "last_modified": "2020-07-16T11:35:21.998131", | 609 | "last_modified": "2020-07-16T11:35:21.998131", | ||
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588 | "mimetype": "application/pdf", | 611 | "mimetype": "application/pdf", | ||
589 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 612 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
590 | "name": "Flood Hazard Scenarios of the Sirba River (Niger) - | 613 | "name": "Flood Hazard Scenarios of the Sirba River (Niger) - | ||
591 | Evaluation of the Hazard Thresholds and Flooding Areas.pdf", | 614 | Evaluation of the Hazard Thresholds and Flooding Areas.pdf", | ||
592 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 615 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
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595 | "size": 6293548, | 618 | "size": 6293548, | ||
596 | "state": "active", | 619 | "state": "active", | ||
597 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/5/1018", | 620 | "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/5/1018", | ||
598 | "url_type": "" | 621 | "url_type": "" | ||
599 | }, | 622 | }, | ||
600 | { | 623 | { | ||
601 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 624 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
602 | "cache_url": null, | 625 | "cache_url": null, | ||
603 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:36:09.426147", | 626 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:36:09.426147", | ||
604 | "datastore_active": false, | 627 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
605 | "description": "Elena Belcore; Marco Piras; Alessandro Pezzoli; | 628 | "description": "Elena Belcore; Marco Piras; Alessandro Pezzoli; | ||
606 | Giovanni Massazza; Maurizio Rosso\r\nPublished in: Int. Arch. | 629 | Giovanni Massazza; Maurizio Rosso\r\nPublished in: Int. Arch. | ||
607 | Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.\r\nDate: June 4, | 630 | Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.\r\nDate: June 4, | ||
608 | 2019\r\nAbstract\r\nThe technology of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) | 631 | 2019\r\nAbstract\r\nThe technology of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) | ||
609 | is rapidly improving and UAV-integrated sensors have kept up with it, | 632 | is rapidly improving and UAV-integrated sensors have kept up with it, | ||
610 | providing more efficient and effective solutions. One of the most | 633 | providing more efficient and effective solutions. One of the most | ||
611 | sought-after characteristics of on-board sensors is the low costing | 634 | sought-after characteristics of on-board sensors is the low costing | ||
612 | associated to good quality of the collected data. This paper proposes | 635 | associated to good quality of the collected data. This paper proposes | ||
613 | a very low-cost multiband sensor developed on a Raspberry device and | 636 | a very low-cost multiband sensor developed on a Raspberry device and | ||
614 | two Raspberry Pi 3 cameras that can be used in photogrammetry from | 637 | two Raspberry Pi 3 cameras that can be used in photogrammetry from | ||
615 | drone applications. The UAV-integrated radiometric sensor and its | 638 | drone applications. The UAV-integrated radiometric sensor and its | ||
616 | performance were tested in in two villages of South-west Niger for the | 639 | performance were tested in in two villages of South-west Niger for the | ||
617 | detection of temporary surface water bodies (or Ephemeral water | 640 | detection of temporary surface water bodies (or Ephemeral water | ||
618 | bodies): zones of seasonal stagnant water within villages threatening | 641 | bodies): zones of seasonal stagnant water within villages threatening | ||
619 | the viability and people\u2019s health. The Raspberry Pi 3 cameras | 642 | the viability and people\u2019s health. The Raspberry Pi 3 cameras | ||
620 | employed were a regular RGB Pi camera 2 (Red, Green, Blue) and a NoIR | 643 | employed were a regular RGB Pi camera 2 (Red, Green, Blue) and a NoIR | ||
621 | Pi 3 camera v2 (regular RGB without IR filter) with 8MPX resolution. | 644 | Pi 3 camera v2 (regular RGB without IR filter) with 8MPX resolution. | ||
622 | The cameras were geometrically calibrated and radiometrically tested | 645 | The cameras were geometrically calibrated and radiometrically tested | ||
623 | before the survey in the field. The results of the photogrammetry | 646 | before the survey in the field. The results of the photogrammetry | ||
624 | elaborations were 4 orthophotos (a RGB and NoIRGB orthophoto for each | 647 | elaborations were 4 orthophotos (a RGB and NoIRGB orthophoto for each | ||
625 | village). The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was calculated. | 648 | village). The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was calculated. | ||
626 | The index allowed the localization and the contouring of the temporary | 649 | The index allowed the localization and the contouring of the temporary | ||
627 | surface water bodies present in the villages. The data were checked | 650 | surface water bodies present in the villages. The data were checked | ||
628 | against the data collected with a Sony (ILCE-5100). Very high | 651 | against the data collected with a Sony (ILCE-5100). Very high | ||
629 | correspondence between the different data was detected. | 652 | correspondence between the different data was detected. | ||
630 | Raspberry-based sensors demonstrated to be a valid tool for the data | 653 | Raspberry-based sensors demonstrated to be a valid tool for the data | ||
631 | collection in critical areas.", | 654 | collection in critical areas.", | ||
632 | "format": "PDF", | 655 | "format": "PDF", | ||
633 | "hash": "", | 656 | "hash": "", | ||
634 | "id": "976d2563-67e0-4b73-b9f5-f04101bf7d9d", | 657 | "id": "976d2563-67e0-4b73-b9f5-f04101bf7d9d", | ||
635 | "last_modified": "2020-07-16T11:36:09.377739", | 658 | "last_modified": "2020-07-16T11:36:09.377739", | ||
636 | "metadata_modified": "2020-07-16T11:36:09.426147", | 659 | "metadata_modified": "2020-07-16T11:36:09.426147", | ||
637 | "mimetype": "application/pdf", | 660 | "mimetype": "application/pdf", | ||
638 | "mimetype_inner": null, | 661 | "mimetype_inner": null, | ||
639 | "name": "Raspberry PI3 multispectral low-cost sensor for UAV | 662 | "name": "Raspberry PI3 multispectral low-cost sensor for UAV | ||
640 | based remote sensing. Case study in South-West Niger.pdf", | 663 | based remote sensing. Case study in South-West Niger.pdf", | ||
641 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | 664 | "package_id": "c5af00bc-9e72-42f2-bd13-5f0296fbc05a", | ||
n | 642 | "position": 11, | n | 665 | "position": 12, |
643 | "resource_type": null, | 666 | "resource_type": null, | ||
644 | "size": 1354961, | 667 | "size": 1354961, | ||
645 | "state": "active", | 668 | "state": "active", | ||
646 | "url": | 669 | "url": | ||
647 | arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLII-2-W13/207/2019/", | 670 | arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLII-2-W13/207/2019/", | ||
648 | "url_type": "" | 671 | "url_type": "" | ||
649 | }, | 672 | }, | ||
650 | { | 673 | { | ||
651 | "cache_last_updated": null, | 674 | "cache_last_updated": null, | ||
652 | "cache_url": null, | 675 | "cache_url": null, | ||
653 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:37:06.824494", | 676 | "created": "2020-07-16T11:37:06.824494", | ||
654 | "datastore_active": false, | 677 | "datastore_active": false, | ||
655 | "description": "Tiepolo, M.; Rosso, M.; Massazza, G.; Belcore, | 678 | "description": "Tiepolo, M.; Rosso, M.; Massazza, G.; Belcore, | ||
656 | E.; Issa, S.; Braccio, S.\r\nPublished in: Sustainability 2019, 11, | 679 | E.; Issa, S.; Braccio, S.\r\nPublished in: Sustainability 2019, 11, | ||
657 | 4003\r\nDate: July 24, 2019\r\nAbstract\r\nSouth of the Sahara, flood | 680 | 4003\r\nDate: July 24, 2019\r\nAbstract\r\nSouth of the Sahara, flood | ||
658 | vulnerability and risk assessments at local level rarely identify the | 681 | vulnerability and risk assessments at local level rarely identify the | ||
659 | exposed areas according to the probability of flooding or the actions | 682 | exposed areas according to the probability of flooding or the actions | ||
660 | in place, or localize the exposed items. They are, therefore, of | 683 | in place, or localize the exposed items. They are, therefore, of | ||
661 | little use for local development, risk prevention, and contingency | 684 | little use for local development, risk prevention, and contingency | ||
662 | planning. The aim of this article is to assess the flood risk, | 685 | planning. The aim of this article is to assess the flood risk, | ||
663 | providing useful information for local planning and an assessment | 686 | providing useful information for local planning and an assessment | ||
664 | methodology useful for other case studies. As a result, the first step | 687 | methodology useful for other case studies. As a result, the first step | ||
665 | involves identifying the information required by the local plans most | 688 | involves identifying the information required by the local plans most | ||
666 | used south of the Sahara. Four rural communities in Niger, frequently | 689 | used south of the Sahara. Four rural communities in Niger, frequently | ||
667 | flooded by the Sirba River, are then considered. The risk is the | 690 | flooded by the Sirba River, are then considered. The risk is the | ||
668 | product of the probability of a flood multiplied by the potential | 691 | product of the probability of a flood multiplied by the potential | ||
669 | damage. Local knowledge and knowledge derived from a hydraulic | 692 | damage. Local knowledge and knowledge derived from a hydraulic | ||
670 | numerical model, digital terrain model, very high resolution | 693 | numerical model, digital terrain model, very high resolution | ||
671 | multispectral orthoimages, and daily precipitation are used. The | 694 | multispectral orthoimages, and daily precipitation are used. The | ||
672 | assessment identifies the probability of fluvial and pluvial flooding, | 695 | assessment identifies the probability of fluvial and pluvial flooding, | ||
673 | the exposed areas, the position, quantity, type, replacement value of | 696 | the exposed areas, the position, quantity, type, replacement value of | ||
674 | exposed items, and the risk level according to three flooding | 697 | exposed items, and the risk level according to three flooding | ||
675 | scenarios. Fifteen actions are suggested to reduce the risk and to | 698 | scenarios. Fifteen actions are suggested to reduce the risk and to | ||
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